超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害,数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的,而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统,可以监控,汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性,可操作和及时的见解。在这里,我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要,以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年,生物监测技术,生物标志科学,航天器硬件,智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟,并编织成精确的空间健康系统,以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。
translated by 谷歌翻译
空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响,制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识,最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物,农作物,微生物,动物和人类的生态系统,为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标,该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验,平台,数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外,实验和平台必须是最大自主,光,敏捷和智能化,以加快知识发现。在这里,我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能,机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要,这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中,将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解,促进预测性建模和分析,支持最大自主和可重复的实验,并有效地管理星载数据和元数据,所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Technology has transformed traditional educational systems around the globe; integrating digital learning tools into classrooms offers students better opportunities to learn efficiently and allows the teacher to transfer knowledge more easily. In recent years, there have been many improvements in smart classrooms. For instance, the integration of facial emotion recognition systems (FER) has transformed the classroom into an emotionally aware area using the power of machine intelligence and IoT. This paper provides a consolidated survey of the state-of-the-art in the concept of smart classrooms and presents how the application of FER systems significantly takes this concept to the next level
translated by 谷歌翻译
对象检测神经网络模型需要在高度动态和安全至关重要的环境(例如自动驾驶或机器人技术)中可靠地执行。因此,在意外硬件故障(例如软误差)下验证检测的鲁棒性至关重要,这些故障可能会影响系统感知模块。基于平均精度的标准指标会在对象级别而不是图像级别产生模型漏洞估计。正如我们在本文中所显示的那样,这并不能提供直观或代表性的指标,表明是由基础记忆中的位翻转引起的无声数据损坏的安全性影响,而是导致典型断层诱导危害的过度估计或低估。为了关注与安全相关的实时应用程序,我们提出了一个新的度量IVMOD(图像漏洞测量的对象检测),以基于错误的图像检测(FPS)或假阴性为基于图像的对象检测,以量化漏洞(FNS)对象,结合严重性分析。对几个代表性对象检测模型的评估表明,即使是单个位翻转也可能导致严重的无声数据腐败事件,具有潜在的关键安全性,例如,(大于)生成的100 fps或最多可产生。 90%的真实阳性(TPS)在图像中丢失。此外,在单个卡住的情况下,可能会影响整个图像序列,从而导致暂时持续的幽灵检测,这些检测可能被误认为是实际对象(覆盖了大约83%的图像)。此外,场景中的实际物体被持续遗漏(最多约有64%的TPS)。我们的工作建立了对此类关键工作负载与硬件故障的安全相关脆弱性的详细理解。
translated by 谷歌翻译
头部和颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的病因涉及多种致癌物,例如酒精,烟草和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)。由于HPV感染会影响HNSCC患者的预后,治疗和存活,因此确定这些肿瘤的HPV状态很重要。在本文中,我们提出了一个新颖的三胞胎级损耗函数和HPV状态预测的多个实例学习管道。这仅使用两个HNSCC同类群体上的常规H&E染色WSI,在HPV检测中实现了新的最新性能。此外,还进行了全面的肿瘤微环境分析,从基因组,免​​疫学和细胞角度来看,HPV +/- HNSCC之间的独特模式。鉴定了与巨噬细胞和结缔细胞(例如成纤维细胞)(例如,成纤维细胞)(例如,成纤维细胞)与T细胞不同亚型(例如T细胞,CD8+ T细胞)的正类型的正相关性,这与临床发现一致。还针对HPV感染状态鉴定了独特的基因表达谱,并且与现有发现一致。
translated by 谷歌翻译
计算病理(CPATH)是一种具有关于组织病理研究的新兴领域,通过计算和分析组织载玻片的数字化高分辨率图像的处理算法。CPATH最近的深度学习的发展已经成功地利用了组织学图像中的原始像素数据的纯粹体积,以预测诊断域,预测,治疗敏感性和患者分层中的目标参数 - 覆盖新数据驱动的AI时代的承诺既组织病理学和肿瘤。使用作为燃料和作为发动机的燃料和AI的数据,CPATH算法准备好用于起飞和最终发射到临床和药物轨道中。在本文中,我们讨论了CPATH限制和相关挑战,使读者能够区分HIPE的希望,并为未来的研究提供指示,以克服这个崭露头角领域的一些主要挑战,以使其发射到两个轨道上。
translated by 谷歌翻译
法律文本的自动摘要是一个重要的且仍然是一个具有挑战性的任务,因为法律文件往往是长期的,并且具有不寻常的结构和风格。深层模型的最近进步培训结束于终端以可分辨率的损失总结自然文本,但在适用于合法领域时,它们会显示有限的结果。在本文中,我们建议使用强化学习来培养当前的深度摘要模型,以提高其对法律领域的表现。为此,我们采用了近端政策优化方法,并引入了新的奖励函数,鼓励一代满足词汇和语义标准的候选摘要。我们将我们的方法应用于培训不同的摘要骨架,并在3个公共法律数据集中遵守一致而显着的性能增益。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Deep-learning of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is creating highly functional tools that are, unfortunately, as hard to interpret as their natural counterparts. While it is possible to identify functional modules in natural brains using technologies such as fMRI, we do not have at our disposal similarly robust methods for artificial neural networks. Ideally, understanding which parts of an artificial neural network perform what function might help us to address a number of vexing problems in ANN research, such as catastrophic forgetting and overfitting. Furthermore, revealing a network's modularity could improve our trust in them by making these black boxes more transparent. Here we introduce a new information-theoretic concept that proves useful in understanding and analyzing a network's functional modularity: the relay information $I_R$. The relay information measures how much information groups of neurons that participate in a particular function (modules) relay from inputs to outputs. Combined with a greedy search algorithm, relay information can be used to {\em identify} computational modules in neural networks. We also show that the functionality of modules correlates with the amount of relay information they carry.
translated by 谷歌翻译
In recent years multi-label, multi-class video action recognition has gained significant popularity. While reasoning over temporally connected atomic actions is mundane for intelligent species, standard artificial neural networks (ANN) still struggle to classify them. In the real world, atomic actions often temporally connect to form more complex composite actions. The challenge lies in recognising composite action of varying durations while other distinct composite or atomic actions occur in the background. Drawing upon the success of relational networks, we propose methods that learn to reason over the semantic concept of objects and actions. We empirically show how ANNs benefit from pretraining, relational inductive biases and unordered set-based latent representations. In this paper we propose deep set conditioned I3D (SCI3D), a two stream relational network that employs latent representation of state and visual representation for reasoning over events and actions. They learn to reason about temporally connected actions in order to identify all of them in the video. The proposed method achieves an improvement of around 1.49% mAP in atomic action recognition and 17.57% mAP in composite action recognition, over a I3D-NL baseline, on the CATER dataset.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST), in which all components can be optimized jointly, is advantageous over cascaded approaches to achieve fast inference with a simplified pipeline. We present a novel two-pass direct S2ST architecture, {\textit UnitY}, which first generates textual representations and predicts discrete acoustic units subsequently. We enhance the model performance by subword prediction in the first-pass decoder, advanced two-pass decoder architecture design and search strategy, and better training regularization. To leverage large amounts of unlabeled text data, we pre-train the first-pass text decoder based on the self-supervised denoising auto-encoding task. Experimental evaluations on benchmark datasets at various data scales demonstrate that UnitY outperforms a single-pass speech-to-unit translation model by 2.5-4.2 ASR-BLEU with 2.83x decoding speed-up. We show that the proposed methods boost the performance even when predicting spectrogram in the second pass. However, predicting discrete units achieves 2.51x decoding speed-up compared to that case.
translated by 谷歌翻译